Banking Reforms in India Essay Example for Free

Banking Reforms in India Essay Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. If the central bank decides to increase the CRR, the available amount with the banks comes down. The RBI uses the CRR to drain out excessive money from the system. Commercial banks are required to maintain with the RBI an average cash balance, the amount of which shall not be less than 3% of the total of the Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), on a fortnightly basis and the RBI is empowered to increase the rate of CRR to such higher rate not exceeding 20% of the NDTL. What is Reverse Repo rate? Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to lend money to the RBI since their money are in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can prompt banks to park more funds with the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used by the RBI to drain excess money out of the banking system. What is a Repo Rate? The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks is called repo rate. It is an instrument ofmonetary policy. Whenever banks have any shortage of funds they can borrow from the RBI. A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at a cheaper rate and vice versa. The repo rate in India is similar to the discount rate in the US.

William Shakespeares Hamlet :: essays research papers

The character Ophelia in William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet plays a very interesting and important role in the elaboration of the plot. In the beginning, she starts off in a healthy state of mind, in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet controlled by her father in regard to their relationship. During the play she encounters several troubling experiences involving Hamlet which cause her to become distressed. Near the end, the death of her father leaves Ophelia mentally unstable and in a state of madness that eventually leads her to death. So, due to all of the unfortunate events that took place with the people she loved the most in her life, Ophelia gradually becomes mad, and in the end passes away. Ophelia’s and Hamlet’s love for each other in the beginning was very real. Following the death of his father Hamlet falls in love with her, and is much attracted by her beauty. It is not uncertain, however, that Ophelia is very much controlled by her father. She is the daughter of Polonius, the chief advisor to the new King Claudius, and a highly respected man. Her father demands that she tell Hamlet at once that she can no longer be with him and tells her "I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth have you so slander any moment leisure as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to’t, I charge you. Come your ways." (I.iii.132-35). It is clear that here Polonius is making decisions for his daughter, regardless if she really loves Hamlet or not. She feels very unimportant and helpless now, and because of this develops a lack of emotional confidence and strength. All she can reply is "I do not, my lord, what I should thi nk." (I.iii.104). She is used to relying on her father’s direction and has been brought up to be very obedient. As well, her brother Laertes agrees with what their father is saying. He also tells Ophelia that Hamlet is no good for her "Perhaps he loves you not" (I.iii.16). He thinks that Hamlet only loves her because he wants to seduce her, and demands his sister to never see him again. Ophelia can only accept her father and brother’s beliefs and writes Hamlet a letter which informs him that she can no longer see him. As a result, she begins to feel alone with very little independence.

Land Record Management System

In India, land records data are maintained at tehsil office or equivalent offices. Mainly the records are of two types: * Alphanumeric data containing record of rights details, crop statistics of individual plots. * The cadastral maps depicting the boundaries and extent of the plots. These are maintained in form of village maps or Field Measurement Book Issues Though many States have digitized their records but it will take time where we can achieve ‘sync’ between data entered and transactions so manual system of issuing of Record of Rights (ROR) is prevalent in most of the States. * Data entry & verification of legacy data * Regular updation of the records because of mutations * Unstructured data * Language issues * Land records maintained on paper/ cloth are in a very bad shape * Duplication on similar media is cumbersome and will result in similar problems of maintenance after a few y ears. * Updation to boundaries or title information by manual process is highly time-consuming and any error will get propagated to the village maps. * Cross verification is required over records for a large period of time to ensure absence of inconsistencies after updation. * Retrieval for redressal of any dispute is time consuming due to the large bulk of information. * Every retrieval/use has an associated risk of further physical damage the old records. * Legal sanctity to computer generated ROR * Accuracy of maps & different scales of available maps So overcome the above mentioned issues a GPS based data capturing device is needed, so as to provide the solutions to the above mentioned problems as: * Since the device is GPS based we will have the Authenticity of the data recorded. * As the record will be fed automatically through the device it will be automatically updated * Since the device has a standard architecture/format for the capturing the data so the issue of unstructured data will also be resolved. * That device has been recognized by the department of agriculture government of Andhra Pradesh. * Recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations.

Improving The Retention Rate Of South Nigeria - 1424 Words

Introduction One of the millennium development goals set by the United Nations is for all nations to achieve universal primary education. Many developing nations like Nigeria are working to ensure that the children and youth of their countries have access to free and compulsory primary education in an effort to educate the masses. Though Nigeria is making strides and improving the retention rates of its students, it still has the highest number of children out of school in the world. In Nigeria alone, more than 10.5 million students are out of school, the majority of them in northern Nigeria, and are mostly girls (Moser, 2014). Northern Nigeria is a predominately Islamic, rural, and vastly underdeveloped part of the country when†¦show more content†¦This part of the program functioned by rewarding a family with a 25 USD goat if a girl is able to complete school because she was not married away during the school year. (Erulkar Muthengi, 2009). The goat serves as an incentive for poor f amilies to keep the girl in school, increasing retention rates of girls in school, and reducing the rate of child marriages. My hypothesis is that the creation and enforcement of a similar program in Northern Nigeria would increase school attendance and retention rates for girls in region. Existing research on this topic focuses primarily on the causes of the gap in enrollment and retention rate between boys and girls in northern Nigeria, but no found studies have tried to explore or test solutions to the problem of gender discrimination. The dependent variable in this experiment would be the level of gender discrimination; the enrollment and retention rates of girls and the independent variable would be the implementation of the program and the presence of the goat as an incentive. The unit of analysis used in this experiment would be the individuals, particularly the girls because they are being surveyed and observed. Though the decision to enter marriage in certain cultures is u ltimately up to the parents, the students will either be encouraged or discouraged from entering